RISC OS is a computer operating system for the ARM processors. It is currently developed by RISCOS Ltd.. Recent RISC OS computers are Iyonix made by Castle Technology Ltd and A9 made by Advantage Six Ltd..
If you've just acquired a RISC OS machine and want to learn the basics, you might be interested to read Steve Potts' excellent tutorial or one of Paul Vigay's free tutorials on RISC OS Academy.
A nice overview of the begin period of Acorn and the history up to the first ARM based home computer, Acorn Archimedes, running RISC OS can be found here.
For up to date news about RISC OS, we recommend a visit to Drobe Launch Pad.